Plastic surgeon - Mikhailova Victoria

Mammoplasty.

Types of mammoplasty:
Augmentation mammoplasty - breast augmentation by inserting an implant of the desired size and shape.
Lipofilling - breast augmentation by injecting the patient's adipose tissue into the breast.
Reduction mammoplasty - reduction of breast size, which eliminates physical discomfort and stress on a woman's physical health
Mastopexy - lifting and restoring the elasticity of the mammary glands.
(more details)
1) Augmentation mammoplasty is a plastic surgery for breast augmentation, including implant placement, that allows you to give the desired shape and size of the breast.
2) Lipofilling is a procedure in which the patient's own adipose tissue is used to increase breast size. This method has many advantages, in particular, it is as gentle as possible, as it does not require incisions and other invasive methods. In addition, lipofilling can simultaneously remove fat deposits from problem areas, such as the hips or flanks.
3) Reduction mammoplasty is a plastic surgery aimed at reducing the size of the mammary glands to the desired size. This method allows not only to reduce the size of the breast and give it a better shape, but also to solve a number of additional problems like reduce the load on the spine and get rid of irritation and inflammation in the submammary fold.
4) Mastopexy is a breast lift surgery that is especially relevant after pregnancy, breastfeeding, as well as due to age-related and hormonal changes in the body.

How is the operation performed?
Mammoplasty is performed under general anesthesia. After the patient goes to sleep, the surgeon makes small incisions and creates special pockets for placing implants.
There are three options for surgical incisions for implant placement. The most common is an incision under the breast in a natural fold that hides the scar well. Other options are incisions along the contour of the areola (nipple) or in the muscle cavity.
After making the incision and creating a pocket, the surgeon places the selected implant in the desired position (above or below the muscle), taking into account the patient's anatomical features, such as the original breast size, skin condition, and chest structure.
The slices are sutured with absorbable sutures. The surgeon may also install drains to drain excess fluid that accumulates around the implants after surgery. These drains are usually removed before discharge from the clinic.

Indications for mammoplasty / What problems does mammoplasty solve?
- Underdevelopment of the mammary glands (micromastia, hypoplasia, aplasia);
- Pronounced breast asymmetry;
- Macromastia - very large breasts;
- Congenital pathologies, such as Poland's syndrome, which is characterized by the absence of a large pectoral muscle on one side or its partial absence;
- Deformities, prolapse of the mammary glands that occur after childbirth and breastfeeding, due to age-related changes or sudden weight loss;
- Surgery on the breast, including subcutaneous mastectomy.

Contraindications:
- Oncological diseases of any organs.
- Age under 18 years.
- Pregnancy and lactation period
- Blood coagulation disorders
- Diabetes mellitus
- Acute infectious and inflammatory diseases
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Tuberculosis
- Mental disorders
- Severe chronic diseases in the period of exacerbation
- Autoimmune diseases

The effect of the operation.
BREAST AUGMENTATION
If a woman does not have a satisfactory volume or shape of the mammary glands, then endoprosthetics, that is, breast plastic surgery using implants, can correct this problem.

BREAST LIFT
Mastopexy, or breast lift, allows you to restore the aesthetic shape of the mammary glands, restore their volume and eliminate excess sagging skin. This surgery is aimed not only at achieving an aesthetic effect, but also at restoring a woman's self-confidence.

BREAST REDUCTION
Breast reduction surgery will help you get rid of physical discomfort and achieve more perfect body proportions.

BREAST LIPOFILLING
Among the methods used to restore the volume or correct the shape of the mammary glands, lipofilling is quite widespread, that is, modeling the contours of the body using the patient's own adipose tissue.

Questions
Are there any complications during breast plastic surgery?
The doctor's experience allows her to foresee and prevent any undesirable consequences that may arise during the operation. In addition, breast reshaping is a well-developed process in the field of aesthetic surgery, which ensures safety and excellent results, even in the most difficult cases.
Can stretch marks appear on the breast after plastic surgery?
No. On the contrary, breast plastic surgery can help reduce the appearance of stretch marks on the skin of the breast, as the skin is stretched during surgery.
Can I get pregnant and breastfeed with an implant?
The presence of an implant will not interfere with pregnancy and breastfeeding. In addition, plastic surgery on the breast after childbirth is not an obstacle to future pregnancies, since the implants are located under the gland and do not affect the production and secretion of breast milk.
Does mammoplasty increase the risk of cancer?
Mammoplasty does not increase the risk of developing cancer, and there is no scientific evidence to support such a relationship. On the contrary, breast plastic surgery can be part of the recovery procedures after the removal of malignant breast tumors, which is standard practice in the world.

Rehabilitation:
Painful sensations usually completely disappear on the 5th-6th day after surgery, swelling will subside in 2 weeks. Full recovery takes 6-12 months.
The first 2-3 days after the operation, the patient stays in the hospital under the supervision of a doctor.
Recovery treatment lasts about 2 months.
During this time, the patient is advised to wear compression garments, including during sleep. Such underwear is necessary for proper breast fixation.
After discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to refrain from physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. You should not go to the sauna, swimming pool, or lift weights. It is recommended to sleep on your back for the first month.
2 months after surgery, you can consult a surgeon about resuming sports activities. The timing of lifting restrictions depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, the speed of rehabilitation and specific sports.
It is necessary to refrain from sunbathing and visiting a solarium for up to 6 months.

Figures for the patient:
The operation lasts 1.5-3 hours, depending on the type of mammoplasty and complexity.
It usually takes 7 days to prepare for surgery. During this time, the doctor carefully collects anamnesis, the patient undergoes laboratory and instrumental studies, and, if necessary, receives vitamin therapy.
After the operation, the patient stays in the hospital for 2-3 days under medical supervision. This period can last about a week, and if necessary, vitamin therapy and antibiotic therapy are prescribed.
After discharge from the hospital, the patient goes home for rehabilitation, following all the doctor's recommendations. After 2 months, you can return to work and your usual life, subject to minor restrictions on physical activity, sauna, swimming pool, and sunbathing.
Starting from 6 months after the surgery, the patient fully recovers.

Liposuction.

Types of liposuction:
Tumescent liposuction - this method is the safest and most effective. During the operation, a special solution is injected into the adipose tissue, which has an analgesic and constricting effect on blood vessels. Fat is removed using a vibration cannula. During the operation, all fat is not removed to maintain smooth body lines.
Dry liposuction - a cannula connected to a vacuum suction system is used to suck out adipose tissue. However, there are certain disadvantages. During the procedure, blood and lymphatic vessels are damaged, which can cause postoperative bruising and bruising.
Combined-thermal techniques - using a laser or ultrasound, adipose tissue is destroyed. One of the advantages of this method is the tightening of the skin around the area that needs correction. This method is used when the area for liposuction is small, such as the neck, knees, chin, or elbows.

How is the procedure performed?
To harvest fat cells, the surgeon uses cannulas that are inserted into the deep fat layer at different angles. This is done to ensure a smooth result and avoid uneven contours at the surgical site. The cannulas are connected to aspiration machines or syringes that create a vacuum and suck out the collected materials. The surgeon starts with the deep areas, gradually moving to the superficial areas, holding the cannulas at a downward angle. After liposuction, the collected fat and fluid are removed from the cannulas into a glass container.

Indications for liposuction:
- Localized fat deposits
- Overweight or obesity
- Further lipofilling of the chest or buttocks
- Unaesthetic appearance of the abdomen or other parts of the body after childbirth.
- The appearance of coarse postoperative scars in the lower abdomen.

Contraindications to liposuction:
- age under 18 years
- blood clotting disorders
- diabetes mellitus
- severe somatic diseases
- pregnancy and lactation period
- thrombophlebitis (varicose veins in the area of the proposed operation)
- recent surgeries in the area planned for liposuction
- obesity caused by disorders of the endocrine system
- dermatological diseases in the area where the operation is planned
- oncological diseases

Effect after surgery:
After liposuction, you can expect the following results:

• Reduction of volume in problem areas.
• Improved body contour and symmetry.
• Improved overall health and mood.

Question:
How do I maintain the results of liposuction?
It is important to realize that liposuction results are not permanent. While some fat cells are removed permanently, there are others that remain and can grow larger. To ensure long-lasting and satisfying results, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, adequate water intake, and regular physical activity.
Can I get pregnant after abdominal liposuction?
Yes, it is possible. Liposuction does not affect your ability and desire to become a mother. After your body has fully recovered, which usually takes about two to three months, you can start planning a pregnancy.
Does liposuction help with cellulite?
No, liposuction is not an effective treatment for cellulite. In rare cases, some improvement may occur, but this does not guarantee a complete solution to the problem. Cellulite is a complex problem with many factors, and there are different methods to treat it that may be more effective.
How much fat can be removed with liposuction at one time?
According to various recommendations, it is recommended to remove no more than 3-5 liters of adipose tissue at a time. This volume is sufficient to remove problem areas.

Rehabilitation:
The first 1-2 days after surgery, the patient stays in the hospital. During this time, pain is possible, which can be easily relieved with painkillers.
Usually, after the operation, maximum bruising and swelling are observed on the 2nd-3rd day. During the 4th day, swelling begins to gradually decrease. Complete disappearance of swelling and bruising usually occurs within 2-3 weeks.
Immediately after surgery, the patient is advised to wear compression garments for about 2-3 weeks.
The patient can return to work and everyday life in 10-14 days.
Physical activity should be stopped for 2 months, and starting from the 3rd month, after consulting a doctor, you can gradually return to sports life.
Saunas, swimming pools, solariums should be avoided for 3-4 months after surgery.

Figures for the patient:
The operation lasts 1-2 hours - it depends on the type of liposuction and the amount of work.
1-1.5 weeks before the operation, the doctor takes a patient's history, conducts laboratory and instrumental studies. 14 days before the surgery, the use of drugs with acetylsalicylic acid, alcohol, and tobacco is prohibited.
It takes 2-3 days for inpatient recovery under medical supervision. After that, the patient can return home to rest, and for the first 2 weeks should limit their physical activity. Starting from 3-4 weeks, you can safely return to work.
The effect after liposuction is fully manifested up to 6 months.

Rhinoplasty.

Types / How the operation is performed:
Open rhinoplasty: an incision is made on the septum between the nostrils, allowing direct access to the nasal structure. After separating the skin from the cartilage tissue, the doctor performs the necessary procedures to remove, build up or correct the exposed area of cartilage or bone.
Closed rhinoplasty: there are no external incisions, they are made only inside the nasal cavity, which does not provide visual control, but avoids external scars. This method is effective for minor corrections of the nasal dorsum.

Indications:
- pronounced humpback
- excessive length of the nose
- too wide nasal bridge;
- congenital or acquired nasal deformity;
- wide, pointed, upturned or lowered nasal tip;
- curvature and other defects of the nasal septum;
- difficulty in breathing;
- frequent nosebleeds;
- cartilage tissue injuries.

Contraindications:
- age under 18 years
- blood clotting disorders
- diabetes mellitus
- pregnancy and lactation period
- severe somatic diseases
- oncological diseases
- the presence of viral diseases
- inflammatory processes in the nose and sinuses
- psychological disorders

The effect of the operation:
Changing the shape of the wings of the nose.
Correction of the shape of the tip of the nose.
Change in the size of the nose - reduction or increase without affecting the shape.
Removal of the hump on the bridge of the nose.
Reducing the width of the nose.
Restoring the shape of the nose bridge.
Correction of congenital or acquired nasal deformities.
Septoplasty - restoration of breathing function through the nose.

Question:
Will my nose hurt after surgery?
There may be slight pain in the first day after surgery. Due to swelling, which increases over three days, there may be a burning sensation in the nose.
How quickly can the effect of the surgery be assessed?
The preliminary results of the surgery can be evaluated in 2 months, and the final results - in six months.
Where will the incision be made, will the scar be visible?
A skin incision is made on the narrowest part of the nasal septum. Within 2-3 weeks, the scar becomes almost invisible; an alternative is a "closed" access for the operation.
How does rhinoplasty change people's lives?
During the procedure, the doctor makes adjustments to the length, tip, bridge, and shape of the nostrils. He is able to completely restore the appearance of the nose that has been lost. After a successful rhinoplasty, facial proportions improve, self-esteem increases markedly, which leads to an improved quality of life.

Rehabilitation:
Full recovery takes 2 weeks.
Immediately after rhinoplasty, on the 1st day, the patient needs to spend 1 day in the hospital. To ensure proper tissue fusion and prevent bleeding in the sinuses, after rhinoplasty, sleeves are used, which can be removed in 2-3 days.
After the surgery, a plastic retainer is placed on the nose, which must be worn for 10 days. After the plaster is removed, the blue tint disappears and the color becomes natural. Hematomas under the eyes may be present for some time.
After 10-14 days, you can gradually return to your normal lifestyle. It is necessary to come for a consultation with a surgeon from time to time.
By 2-3 weeks, swelling usually subsides almost completely, bruises and hematomas disappear. Periosteal swelling takes the longest to go down - recovery after rhinoplasty can take up to 3 months. Sports after rhinoplasty is limited to about 6-12 weeks.
During the first month after rhinoplasty, it is recommended to avoid wearing glasses, sleeping on your stomach or side, visiting saunas and steaming procedures. It is also not recommended to plan trips to the sea until complete healing.

Figures for the patient:
The operation lasts 1-2 hours - it all depends on the features and complexity of the plastic surgery.
It takes 1-2 days to prepare for the operation, which is enough time to undergo the examination.
After the surgery, the patient stays in the hospital for the first day. Then he or she can return home.
Wearing a plastic fixator is indicated for the first 10-14 days.
Starting from the 3rd week, you can go to work, but sports, sauna, swimming pool should be limited for at least 1.5 months after surgery.
In the period from 6 to 8 months after rhinoplasty, the shape of the nose becomes more defined. The final result of the surgery can be assessed in 1 year.

Blepharoplasty.

Types:
Upper blepharoplasty is one of the most common procedures that involves removing excess skin and fatty deposits from the upper eyelid. After the operation, the skin becomes firmer and the gaze looks fresher and more expressive.
Lower blepharoplasty - this procedure allows you to effectively remove excess skin and fat in the lower eyelid area.
Circular - this surgical procedure is aimed at simultaneously lifting the upper and lower eyelids, which allows you to achieve a noticeable rejuvenating effect.
Transconjunctival - is a gentle type of surgery, during which all manipulations are performed through an incision on the conjunctival surface of the eyelid. As a result, the rehabilitation period is reduced to 1 week, and there are practically no painful sensations.

How is the operation performed?
Blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids: the incision is made in a natural fold. During the operation, excess skin and partially fatty hernias are removed. After that, cosmetic sutures are applied, which must be removed in 5-7 days.
Blepharoplasty of the lower eyelids: the incision is made along the eyelash growth line, a couple of millimeters from them. During the operation, excess skin, partially fatty hernias are removed and muscles are tightened. After the procedure is completed, cosmetic sutures are used, which also need to be removed.
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty: the surgeon makes an incision in the conjunctiva, which is the mucous membrane inside the lower eyelid. The main advantage of the transconjunctival approach is the absence of incisions and sutures. This technique is often referred to as sutureless.

Indications:
- ptosis - excessive hanging skin above the eyes;
- "bags" (fat hernias) under the eyes;
- loss of skin tone and elasticity around the eyes;
- lowering of the corners of the eyes
- deep wrinkles of the eyelid skin;
- congenital eyelid defects;
- defects caused by trauma
- age-related defects of the upper and lower eyelids;
- the patient's personal desire to change the shape and incision of the eyes.

Contraindications:
- Inflammatory and other pathological processes around the eyes;
- Diabetes mellitus;
- Systemic blood diseases, blood coagulation disorders;
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding period;
- Irritable eye syndrome;
- Increased intracranial and intraocular pressure;
- Persistent arterial hypertension.
- Oncological neoplasms in the body;
- Severe somatic diseases

The effect of the operation:
Blepharoplasty can significantly reduce wrinkles ("crow's feet"), remove overhanging eyelids and fatty bags under the eyes. It also makes it possible to change the shape of the eyelids and eye socket.
Blepharoplasty of the upper and lower eyelids, in addition to the aesthetic effect, also contributes to psychological comfort. Improving the appearance of the eyes helps to increase the expressiveness of the gaze and improves the patient's self-esteem, which affects his or her life potential.

Question:
Why do I need sun protection in the postoperative period?
After blepharoplasty, it is recommended to protect the skin around the eyes from sunlight for 6-8 months. This will help prevent the formation of hypertrophic (hardened) scars at the incision sites.
How does blepharoplasty affect vision?
Blepharoplasty does not involve the organs of vision, so this operation is absolutely safe for vision.
However, there are cases when an overhanging eyelid or defects due to trauma prevent a person from seeing normally, then blepharoplasty is a good method of dealing with this problem.
Is it possible to immediately remove bags under the eyes with blepharoplasty?
Blepharoplasty can remove bags under the eyes if they are fat hernias, i.e. excessive accumulations of fatty tissue. However, if the bags under the eyes are the result of pathological edema caused by various diseases (for example, kidney disease), then before the operation, it is necessary to undergo tests to determine whether blepharoplasty will be effective in this case.
How does blepharoplasty help create the impression of larger eyes?
Blepharoplasty is aimed at removing excess skin that hangs over the upper eyelids, as well as removing bags and hernias under the eyes. Although the surgery itself does not change the physical size of the eyes, it contributes to the visual impression of larger eyes. After blepharoplasty, the eyes become more expressive, which creates the effect of their enlargement.

Rehabilitation:
Eyelid surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, without the need for hospitalization. After the surgery, the patient can return home in 1-2 hours. During this period, it is important to protect your eyes from intense sunlight and bright light. It is recommended to wear sunglasses before going out.
There are usually no painful sensations. In the first days after surgery, swelling, mild bruising, and dryness of the eyes are typical. On the third day after the operation, the swelling of the eyelids reaches its maximum, which is natural and corresponds to the scope of the intervention. In case of discomfort, you can apply a cold compress to the eyes.
On the 5-7th day after the operation, the doctor removes the stitches, usually the skin in this area heals quickly. After the sutures are removed, the patient can return to work.
It is recommended to limit the load on the eyes for 10-14 days. You should refrain from working with a laptop, watching TV and reading.
By 3-4 weeks, scars become less noticeable and take on the color of the skin. They look like a thin strip, which is almost invisible when the eyes are open.
After 3 months, the final result of blepharoplasty can be evaluated.

Figures for the patient:
The operation, which includes only the upper or only the lower eyelids, usually lasts about 40 minutes. Circular blepharoplasty, which includes simultaneous correction of the upper and lower eyelids, can take from 1 to 1.5 hours.
Blepharoplasty is an outpatient procedure, so the patient can return home on the day of surgery. In the first days, it is important not to strain your eyes.
You can return to work after the stitches are removed (5-7 days). Physical activity should be limited for 3-4 weeks. In the first months, it is recommended to wear sunglasses when going out.
The full recovery period lasts for a month, after which all traces of the operation disappear.

Gluteoplasty.

Types:
Endoprosthetics - is the most effective method for increasing the size of the buttocks, which consists of placing implants under the gluteus maximus muscle. Modern endoprostheses are made of silicone materials that have a dense shell and can withstand significant loads. After the implants are installed, the achieved effect is maintained for a long period of time.
Lipofilling is the correction of the size and shape of the buttocks using the patient's own fat, and can be an alternative or combined with endoprosthetics. Lipofilling has an additional advantage, as fat taken from other problem areas of the patient's body is used to inject fat into the buttocks.
Filler injection - hyaluronic acid-based fillers can be used for augmentation of the gluteal area as a standalone procedure or in combination with other techniques. Fillers can help restore the volume of the buttocks, correct asymmetry, reduce the appearance of aging signs, and improve skin quality.
Tightening is an effective method of correcting the signs of aging or significant weight loss, which lead to laxity, inelasticity of the skin, subcutaneous fat layer and muscles, as well as the appearance of excess tissue and sagging. The operation involves moving the skin and fat flaps, lifting them and, if necessary, removing excess tissue.

How is the procedure performed?
Endoprosthetics: before buttock plastic surgery with implants, the surgeon determines the location of the endoprostheses, taking into account the patient's body type, the size of the subcutaneous fat layer and other nuances. Prostheses can be placed under the gluteus maximus muscle, under its upper fascia, or in the thickness of muscle fibers.
After putting the patient under anesthesia, the doctor treats the surgical field, makes an incision and forms a special anatomical pocket for the implant. This pocket ensures reliable fixation of the prosthesis and prevents its displacement, as well as provides invisibility and no foreign body sensation. After the implants are placed, the surgeon sutures them. The duration of the surgical intervention is usually about 2 hours.

Indications:
- patient's dissatisfaction with the shape and size of the buttocks;
- lack of sufficient volume in the front and side buttocks;
- natural underdevelopment of the gluteal muscles and lack of volume in the upper quadrants;
- insufficient volume of the buttocks, lack of subcutaneous fatty tissue and sagging skin due to significant weight loss;
- signs of aging, such as tissue sagging, loss of elasticity, and skin laxity.

Contraindications:
- Pregnancy and lactation;
- detected allergic reactions to the implant material, medications used during the procedure or anesthesia;
- progressive diseases of any organs and systems;
- serious blood clotting disorders;
- inflammatory processes or skin diseases in the area of intervention;
- presence of infectious diseases;
- active tuberculosis

Effect of the operation:
Increase in volume: Gluteoplasty allows you to increase the volume of the buttocks, giving them a more rounded, fuller and more attractive shape.
Tightening: The surgery allows you to tighten sagging or loose skin of the buttocks, improving their elasticity and contours.
Correction of asymmetry: Gluteoplasty can correct unevenness or asymmetry in the buttocks, giving them a more symmetrical appearance.
Improving body profile: Buttock augmentation and lifting can add harmony to the body's silhouette, improving its proportions and appearance.
Improved self-esteem: The feeling of satisfaction from the improved appearance of the buttocks can have a positive effect on the patient's self-esteem and self-respect.

Question:
What are the benefits of combining an implant and the patient's own fat during gluteoplasty?
During buttock augmentation surgery, liposuction is often used in problem areas. The removed fat is then injected into the lower area of the buttocks, just above the gluteal fold, to round the buttocks in this area. The implant fills the upper part of the buttocks well, it is not effective enough in the lower part, so the fat injection helps to improve the final result.
What happens if you do not perform gluteoplasty?
Gluteoplasty is a plastic surgery to enlarge the buttocks that has no medical indications and is performed solely at the request of patients. If you do not correct the shape of the buttocks, there will be no medical consequences.
How are buttock augmentation implants chosen?
When choosing implants for buttock augmentation, the patient's wishes, individual characteristics, and body shape are taken into account. Preliminary measurements are taken to obtain accurate data.
What is better: lipofilling or buttock prosthetics?
The answer to this question is individual, as the choice between lipofilling and buttock prosthetics depends on the patient. Buttock prosthetics requires a sufficient volume of tissue in this area to completely hide the implant and avoid the visibility of its contour after surgery. In case of tissue deficiency, lipofilling is a better option.

Rehabilitation:
Patients usually spend a period of 3 to 7 days in the clinic after surgery. Sutures are removed from the wounds within 1-2 weeks. To support the soft tissues, it is recommended to wear special underwear for 1.5-2 months. Patients can return to light household duties within 5-14 days after surgery. However, they should refrain from physical activity and sports for three months. Women who want to maintain the effect achieved are advised to follow a special diet. It is also important to avoid direct sunlight on the skin of the buttocks, limit visits to baths and saunas for 4-5 weeks. In addition, it is recommended to refrain from alcohol consumption and smoking.

Figures for the patient:
A week before the operation, a detailed consultation with the doctor is necessary, regarding the patient's wishes and the choice of the method and scope of surgical intervention.
The surgery usually lasts about 2 hours. Full rehabilitation takes 2 months. After the surgery, the patient can return home within a week, and after 2 weeks, go to work and return to normal activities. Wearing special underwear is indicated for 1.5-2 months. It is recommended to limit sports activities for 2-3 months. Also, during this period, you should not sunbathe, visit the sauna and swimming pool.

Abdominoplasty.

Types:
Classical abdominoplasty - is the most radical form of surgery, which involves extensive tissue redistribution and includes all areas of the abdomen. This method is often combined with liposuction or scar plastic surgery, which allows you to simultaneously solve complex problems.
Abdominoplasty through a vertical incision - implies that the incision does not pass through the lower abdomen, but along its midline. This approach is sometimes referred to as "male" abdominoplasty, as men often have fat deposits in the upper abdomen.
Mini-abdominoplasty is a less traumatic method of tummy tuck that does not involve navel transfer. It is recommended for patients with a small excess of skin and fatty tissue in the lower abdomen and with a loss of skin tone, for example, after childbirth or after weight loss.
Endoscopic abdominoplasty is a more gentle method of abdominal plastic surgery, but it is not suitable for men and women with severe sagging skin on the abdomen. It is recommended as a method of tummy tuck after childbirth for patients with normal weight and no problems with skin laxity, but with weakened muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The aesthetic contour of the abdomen is achieved by stitching the edges of the rectus muscles.

How is the operation performed?
In classical abdominoplasty, two approaches are used: around the navel and along the lower abdomen. The surgeon sequentially separates and removes excess fatty tissue and skin, eliminates stretch marks, tightens and strengthens weakened muscles. After that, a new aesthetic umbilical area is created. At the end of the operation, drainage is installed, sutures are applied, and a fixation bandage is applied.
Vertical abdominoplasty is a less traumatic procedure compared to the classical one, as it requires a smaller area of intervention. In this case, the incision does not pass along the lower abdomen, but along its midline. However, a serious drawback of this method is a noticeable postoperative scar.
In mini-abdominoplasty, the incision is made along the bikini line. During this intervention, excess skin and fat are removed and the abdominal muscles are tightened at the level below the navel.
With the endoscopic method, all manipulations are performed with special instruments through small incisions around the navel or above the pubis.

Indications:
- abdominal deformities caused by pregnancy and childbirth;
- sagging abdomen and excess skin tissue caused by significant weight loss, hormonal or metabolic disorders
- the presence of coarse postoperative scars and stretch marks on the abdomen
- umbilical hernia;
- diastasis (divergence) of the rectus abdominis muscles;
- disturbances in the tone of the anterior abdominal wall muscles;
- the possibility of simultaneous tummy tuck and liposuction to improve the result.

Contraindications:
- Oncological diseases
- Severe chronic somatic diseases
- Terminal stages of obesity
- Diabetes mellitus
- Varicose veins of the veins
- Infectious diseases in the acute stage
- Period of menstruation
- Pregnant women, as well as those who are planning a pregnancy within the next year

The effect of the procedure:

• Correction of the navel shape
• Removal of folds on the abdomen
• Getting rid of excess fat in the lower abdomen
• Improving skin tone
• Removal of excess skin and stretch marks
• Tightening the abdomen and returning it to its correct shape

Question:
How long after childbirth can I have an abdominoplasty?
It is recommended to fully recover from childbirth before undergoing abdominoplasty. Usually, it is better to wait about 6 months after stopping breastfeeding before considering aesthetic surgery. Often this period is about 1.5 years after childbirth.
Is it possible to correct an ugly stitch after a cesarean section with abdominoplasty?
Yes, of course. When performing any type of abdominoplasty, in most cases, the cesarean section scar is removed along with excess skin.
Can abdominoplasty be combined with liposuction?
In some cases, a combination of abdominoplasty and liposuction is necessary to achieve the desired body contours. These procedures can be combined when there is uneven accumulation of adipose tissue in adjacent or distant areas.
Can other plastic surgeries be performed together with abdominoplasty?
The most common combined procedure is a comprehensive recovery after childbirth, which includes abdominoplasty and corrective mammoplasty.
Is it possible to perform abdominoplasty if you are planning a pregnancy?
The result of abdominoplasty can be negatively affected by pregnancy and childbirth, reducing the effectiveness of the procedure. Therefore, if you are planning to become pregnant in the next 2-3 years, it is recommended that you first complete the pregnancy, breastfeeding and recovery period, and then consider aesthetic correction of the anterior abdominal wall.

Rehabilitation:
After surgery, a person stays in the hospital under observation for 1-2 days. After discharge, the patient goes to the clinic for dressings.
Usually, you can return to work in 3-4 days. Sutures can be removed in 10-12 days if non-absorbable sutures were used.
The result of abdominoplasty becomes noticeable almost immediately, but this does not mean that the patient may not follow the rehabilitation recommendations. For example, during the first month after surgery, you need to wear special compression garments that fix the tissues in a new position, reduce swelling, and accelerate healing.
For several months (usually from 3 to 5), while the abdominal tissues are completely healed after abdominoplasty, it is recommended to refrain from physical activity, warming and contrast water procedures, as well as visiting the solarium.

Figures for the patient:
Abdominoplasty is a surgical procedure performed under general anesthesia and lasts approximately 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
In preparation for the operation, in 5-7 days, the patient undergoes a full surgical set of tests, abdominal ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and ECG.
The patient will be able to return to work and everyday activities by the end of the first week, it is only important to follow all the doctor's recommendations. The full recovery process after classical abdominoplasty usually takes 3-5 months. During this period, it is recommended to avoid heavy physical work. It is recommended to go for walks, gradually increasing their duration. During the first 2-3 weeks, it is also recommended to wear compression garments.
The final new look of the abdomen is formed in 3-6 months. During this time, the tissues are fully acclimatized to the new position.

Intimate plastic surgery.

Types:
Vaginoplasty is a surgical procedure on the vagina, during which the stretched area of the mucous membrane of the front and/or back wall of the vagina is cut, and the muscles are tightened and fixed in a new natural position, which allows for a reduction of the vagina.
Labiaplasty is a surgical procedure for correcting the labia, during which the surgeon creates their correct shape, symmetry, and corrects uneven edges. This procedure may also include the removal of excess fatty tissue or lipofilling.
Perineoplasty is a procedure for restoring the area between the anus and the beginning of the labia majora. It includes plastic surgery of tears and incorrectly fused sutures after childbirth, as well as correction of the labial gap.
Clitoraplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting the functionality and resizing the clitoris.

How is the operation performed?
Vaginoplasty is a minimally traumatic procedure during which a segment of the vagina is removed and the muscles to the anus are tightened.
During perineoplasty, a bidirectional mesofilament is inserted into the vaginal muscle layer. This method is characterized by minimal trauma, simplicity, and a quick rehabilitation period.
Labiaplasty can be surgical or non-surgical. In the surgical method, a wedge-shaped incision or linear excision of the labia contour is performed with subsequent stitching. The non-surgical method involves the introduction of hyaluronic acid preparations by injection into the tissues.
To correct the size, shape, and position of the clitoris, methods such as removing excess tissue, cutting adhesions that overlap the clitoris, and removing surrounding tissue are used.

Indications:
- Clitoral and vulvar defects
- Prolapse of the uterus and vagina
- Urinary insufficiency due to reduced muscle tone in the intimate area
- Post-traumatic scars and scars
- Insufficient vaginal narrowing after childbirth
- Vaginal stenosis and abnormalities of the hymen
- Insufficient sensitivity of the clitoris
- Abnormal size and shape of the labia
- Excessive fatty deposits on the pubis
- Significant vaginal size, causing frequent bacterial vaginitis.

Contraindications:

• A variety of tumors, including both benign and malignant tumors of various nature.
• Kidney diseases such as renal failure, nephritis and other pathologies.
• Chronic diseases that are periodically exacerbated.
• Inflammation of the venous walls with the formation of blood clots (thrombophlebitis).
• Various psychoemotional disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and others.
• Increased risk of keloid scarring in case of tissue damage.
• Infectious diseases of the genital organs and general infection of the body.
• Severe allergic reaction to anesthetics.
• Acute and chronic heart disease in moderate and severe form.
• Minor age

Effect of the procedure:
Changing the appearance: intimate plastic surgery helps to correct the shape, size or symmetry of the genital organs, such as the labia or clitoris.
Improving functionality: Some types of intimate plastic surgery can improve the functionality of the genitals, such as restoring or improving control over urination or vaginal tone.
Improved self-esteem: For many women, intimate plastic surgery can have a positive impact on well-being, comfort, and self-esteem, helping them to feel more satisfied with their appearance and physical sensations.
Improved sexual satisfaction: Intimate plastic surgery can improve sexual satisfaction by providing greater sensitivity or restoring lost functionality.
It is important to note that every woman has her own unique needs and expectations. The results of intimate plastic surgery can vary and it is best to discuss your expectations with a qualified plastic surgeon who can provide more detailed information about the specific type of procedure and potential effects.

Question:
How long should I not have sex after surgery?
Depending on the type of surgery performed, the recommended period of abstinence from sexual activity after surgery can vary from one week to one month.
Can intimate plastic surgery procedures be planned and performed before childbirth?
It is recommended that the best time to plan a pregnancy after surgery is 4-6 months. After the procedure, a woman can give birth without any problems, although it is worth noting that the body's reaction may be individual. After childbirth, similar problems may arise, but they can also be quickly and effectively resolved.
Does the operation affect further sexual life and physiological sensations?
After the operation, the main result you can expect is improved self-esteem and openness. A woman gains more self-confidence, the quality of her sexual life improves, and physiological sensations during intimate relationships can become more intense.
When can intimate plastic surgery be performed after childbirth?
It is recommended to wait at least six months after the birth of a child before undergoing intimate plastic surgery. After childbirth, changes in the shape and size of the labia and vagina can occur, and after some time, they can be corrected with plastic surgery. However, it is important to consult with a gynecologist before planning surgery.

Rehabilitation:
Depending on the type and extent of the operation, the patient can return home on the day of surgery or stay in the hospital for a day for observation.
After 3-4 days, postoperative symptoms disappear and you can return to work and everyday activities. The doctor provides recommendations for hygienic care of the postoperative area.
In the period of 2-3 weeks after the operation, it is recommended to avoid prolonged sitting, preferably sleeping half-sitting on your side, and it is also forbidden to visit the sauna, swimming pool, and play sports. It is advisable to wear only comfortable clothes and underwear made of natural fabrics.
Intimate life should be limited for 1-2 months - discussed with your doctor.
Full rehabilitation lasts 1-2 months, depending on the extent of the surgical intervention.

Figures for the patient:
Intimate plastic surgery takes from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours, depending on the type of procedure. For anesthesia, local anesthesia is used, and sedation is used if indicated. There is no need to stay in a hospital after the intervention, you can go home immediately.
On 3-4 days after the operation, you are allowed to return to work.
Rehabilitation after surgery lasts 1-1.5 months - during this period, physical activity and intimacy are not allowed.
The full result of intimoplasty can be observed within 2-3 months after the procedure.

Otoplasty.

Types:
Aesthetic otoplasty - performed to correct natural aesthetic imperfections of the ears. This procedure allows you to change the shape, location and size of the ear in order to achieve the desired appearance.
Reconstructive otoplasty is aimed at restoring the auricle after injuries, burns, or developmental anomalies. Its main goal is to restore the normal function and appearance of the affected ear.

How is the operation performed?
Thanks to the modern technology of ear plastic surgery, it is possible to effectively correct lop-eared ears, the procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis in 40-60 minutes under local anesthesia. To reshape the cartilage, the surgeon makes an incision on the back surface of the ear, removes a certain part of the cartilage, secures the reconstructed area with special internal sutures, and then places a cosmetic suture over the incision for better healing.

Indications:
- underdeveloped anti-curl;
- overdevelopment of cartilage tissue;
- protrusion of the earlobe;
- too large auricle;
- pronounced lop-earedness; congenital defects;
- absence of the auricle or its underdevelopment.

Contraindications:
- chronic diseases in the acute stage;
- acute infectious diseases;
- pregnancy period;
- presence of oncological diseases;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- diabetes mellitus;
- blood clotting disorders;
- state of immune system deficiency;
- inflammatory diseases of the pharynx, ear, nasal and oral cavities;
- inflammatory elements on the skin in close proximity to the auricle;
- children under 6 years of age;
- allergy to local anesthetics

Effect of the procedure:
- improvement of the shape of the auricles;
- change in the size of the auricles;
- elimination of lop-earedness;
- correction of post-traumatic and congenital defects of the auricles;
- restoration of auricles in case of their absence.

Question:
Does otoplasty affect hearing?
No, it does not. The hearing system consists of three components: the outer, middle, and inner ears. Otoplasty affects only the outer ear, which is responsible for receiving sound waves. The inner ear is not affected during this operation.
Will there be any traces after the operation?
There are no noticeable scars after otoplasty because the suture is placed in the natural fold of the ear. Initially, the scar may have a different shade from the skin color, but over time, it becomes almost invisible. Ear correction is usually performed using absorbable sutures that do not need to be removed after surgery.
Is the surgery painful?
Most patients experience only mild discomfort, which is usually associated with the bandage and to a lesser extent the operation itself. To alleviate this discomfort, it is usually enough to take simple analgesics after surgery. The almost absence of pain explains why children tolerate this procedure well.
Are there any guarantees against the ears returning to their preoperative condition?
It is very rare, but sometimes after otoplasty, the ears or one ear may re-stick out. It depends on the elasticity of the cartilage and its ability to return to its previous shape. In such cases, a small correction may be necessary to restore the desired shape.

Rehabilitation:
Patients who have undergone otoplasty surgery do not require inpatient treatment, so they can leave the clinic on their own a few hours after surgery.
During the first 2-3 days after surgery, it is important to wear a special bandage that fixes the ear. After that, for a month, it is needed only during sleep. There may be some minor pain in the first weeks after surgery, but it quickly decreases with the help of mild painkillers.
Most patients can return to their normal lifestyle in 3-5 days after otoplasty. If you follow the doctor's recommendations, you will have no traces of the surgery in 2-3 weeks after the operation. Thanks to the professional work of the surgeon, even after serious operations to restore the auricles, no scars remain.
After 2 weeks, bruises and swelling disappear completely.
Resumption of sports activities is possible approximately 3 weeks after surgery. The total rehabilitation period after otoplasty lasts a month.

Figures for the patient:
Otoplasty lasts about 1.5-2 hours and is performed under local anesthesia, so the patient can return home a few hours after the procedure.
General rehabilitation takes 1-2 months.
For the first 72 hours, it is forbidden to wash your hair so as not to provoke an infection.
On the 5th-7th day, the sutures are removed, after which you can return to work and everyday life.
For 3-4 weeks, you should limit sports activities, sunbathing, and visits to saunas and swimming pools.

Facial plastic surgery.

Facial plastic surgery is a general term that covers several different procedures. The doctor selects an individual combination of several types of surgery to obtain the best result.
These include:
- A facelift is a surgical procedure that allows you to tighten the skin of the face and neck, remove excess skin, improve its elasticity, and smooth out fine lines and wrinkles.
- Cheekbone correction is a procedure aimed at creating or restoring the desired shape of the cheekbones, correcting the asymmetry of the cheekbone lines. This can be achieved with the help of silicone implants, injection of the patient's fat cells, etc.
- Facial oval correction is a procedure that allows you to correct the shape of the facial oval, eliminate wrinkles, remove excess skin and increase the volume of the chin.
- Forehead plastic surgery is an operation performed through three-centimeter incisions, which makes the procedure minimally traumatic and low-blood loss. The plastic surgeon shifts the forehead skin upward and fixes it in a new location.

How is the operation performed?
A rhidectomy is a traditional method of facelifting that is performed under general anesthesia and lasts from 1.5 to 4.5 hours. During the operation, the surgeon makes an incision in the temple area and extends it along the auricle. If it is necessary to correct a double chin, an additional incision is made under the lower jaw. The subcutaneous layer is separated, and excess tissue and subcutaneous fat are removed, if necessary. After that, the skin is tightened. The final result will be visible in about 2 months. The effect of the surgery will last for 8-10 years.

Indications:

• soft tissue prolapse in the eye area;
• wrinkles on the temples, forehead and around the mouth;
• loss of facial skin elasticity;
• drooping of the corners of the lips and eyelids;
• the presence of a "second chin";
• loss of skin tone of the cheeks (boulders);
• facial asymmetries.

Contraindications:

• blood clotting disorders, lack of adequate coagulation;
• infectious skin diseases: bacterial, viral, fungal;
• decompensated chronic diseases of internal organs;
• immunodeficiency, weak immunity;
• diabetes mellitus;
• overweight and obesity;
• oncological diseases;
• mental disorders, mental instability;
• menstruation period;
• pregnancy and lactation.

The effect of the operation:
The facial plastic surgery procedure allows you to correct the oval of the face, reduce wrinkles, eliminate excess skin and increase the volume of the chin. This operation allows you to tighten the skin of the face and neck, remove excess skin and get rid of laxity, as well as smooth out both superficial and deeper wrinkles.
The operation has a pronounced rejuvenating effect, which, above all, has a very positive effect on the patient's mood and internal state.

Questions:
Where will the incisions be?
The incisions during a classic face and neck lift are located as follows: they are laid in the hairy part of the temporal region, pass through the "pre-ear" area in front of the ear, bend around the lobe and end behind the ear fold at the back of the head. The size of the suture is determined by the anatomy of the skull and the amount of excess skin that needs to be removed. It is important to note that the hairline is not displaced and remains in its original location.
Can a face and neck lift be performed simultaneously with blepharoplasty?
Face and neck plastic surgery can be performed simultaneously with blepharoplasty or separately, depending on the patient's wishes and needs. Surgeries performed simultaneously complement each other and contribute to a complete facial rejuvenation.
How to determine whether facial plastic surgery is necessary or whether cosmetology is enough?
Only a qualified specialist can make a professional conclusion about the need for surgical intervention to correct the appearance or whether cosmetic methods will be enough. The choice between plastic surgery and cosmetology also depends on the existing contraindications and the patient's general health. Cosmetic procedures have fewer requirements, but also require some attention.
How long does the effect of plastic surgery and cosmetology last?
The results of plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery always differ significantly, since no cosmetic method can completely replace surgery. In the case of a comprehensive facelift, the effect can last for 10-15 years. As for Botox injections, they allow you to maintain the effect for about six months, after which the procedure must be repeated.
The key is to choose the method that works best for your body. For young people with high tissue regeneration capacity, cosmetic procedures are often sufficient. However, for those who have pronounced signs of aging (deep wrinkles, sagging tissue), plastic surgery may be a more effective option.

Rehabilitation:
After a facelift, you may need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days. Before the patient is discharged, a special fixation bandage is applied to cover the neck and part of the head. This bandage should be worn for several days. The sutures after a facelift are usually removed at a follow-up examination in about 2 weeks. After surgery, you may feel tingling and skin tension, as well as mild discomfort. These symptoms usually disappear on their own. Bruises disappear in about 2 weeks. Starting from the 3rd week, the patient can return to work and everyday life.
The final result after the intervention can be assessed in about a month, when the swelling has completely subsided.
For 1-1.5 months after the operation, you should refuse to go to the seaside, visit the sauna, swimming pool, and gym.
The average duration of rehabilitation after a facelift is about 2 months

Figures for the patient:
The duration of the operation usually ranges from 1.5 to 4 hours, but there may be longer procedures, depending on the type of plastic surgery, medical indications, and individual physiological characteristics of the patient.
Preparation for surgery takes 5-7 days. This includes restrictions on alcoholic beverages, tobacco use, and blood-thinning medications. Also during this period, a complete medical history and tests are taken.
You can return to your normal life after 2 weeks, and in a month you can see the first results.
The final result can be observed 3-4 months after the operation.
The effect of rejuvenation after plastic surgery lasts for 5-15 years. The lifestyle that a person adopts after the procedure is also of great importance.

Neck plastic surgery.

Types:
Medial platysmaplasty is a surgical procedure that aims to reshape the platysma and skin in the neck area. This method is referred to as a midline lift. The muscle is sutured towards the center, and the incision is located in the chin area.
Lateral platysmaplasty - the surgeon lifts the subcutaneous tissues, moving the muscles outward and upward. The edges of these muscles are sutured horizontally. Incisions are made in front of the auricles and in the area behind the ears. This method is effective for correcting the distinct signs of aging, as it allows you to correct defects in the lower third of the face and neck. This operation is usually performed simultaneously with a facelift.
The best option is to combine these techniques, resulting in a perfect angle between the chin and neck.

How is the operation performed?
The choice of neck plastic surgery technique is determined individually, depending on the tasks at hand:

• The median method, which involves an incision under the chin.
• Lateral method, which involves access through an incision behind the auricles.

The operation includes the following stages:
1. Application of general anesthesia or local anesthesia for pain relief. The choice of anesthesia method depends on the scope of the intervention and the conditions of the operation.
2. Making an incision in the selected access area.
3. Tightening and strengthening of the platysma - the subcutaneous muscle of the neck. If necessary, the surgeon can remove excess fat deposits under the platysma.

Indications:
- The skin has become flabby and sagging.
- A double (triple) chin has appeared.
- Neck muscles have lost their tone.
- The edges of the platysma have separated.
- Fat deposits appeared in the chin area.
- Deep wrinkles have appeared on the neck.

Contraindications:
- chronic high blood pressure (hypertension);
- diabetes mellitus
- oncological diseases;
- infectious diseases;
- problems with the cardiovascular system;
- diseases of the endocrine system;
- blood coagulation (clotting) disorders, coagulation.

The effect of the operation:
This plastic surgery allows you to effectively correct excess skin and fat, tighten the neck muscles and eliminate age-related sagging of the skin, which contributes to the creation of a clear and attractive contour of the face and neck.

Question:
How long does the effect last after plasmaplasty?
Correct adherence to medical recommendations and regular maintenance cosmetic procedures can achieve a long-lasting effect of plasmaplasty, which can last up to 7 years.
Why does the "turkey neck" effect occur?
A normally functioning superficial neck muscle plays a role in protecting the subcutaneous veins of the neck from compression. However, this muscle can undergo changes with age. Increased muscle tone can lead to vertical tension and lowering of the mouth angle. Low neck muscle tone can affect tissue turgor (stiffness), which can give the neck a "turkey" appearance.
Will scars be visible on the neck?
Scars from plastic surgery or plasmaplasty can be subtle or even invisible. The incisions are often made in the natural folds of the skin, which contributes to their concealment. Thanks to modern technology, it is possible to achieve the most invisible scars after surgery. This allows patients not to feel any complexes about scars.
Can the surgery be combined?
Neck plastic surgery is often combined with other lifting procedures to achieve a more comprehensive result. It can be performed as an independent operation, but in most cases it is recommended to combine it with other interventions. Common combinations include chin surgery, facelift, or removal of Bisha lumps.

Rehabilitation:
Neck surgery requires hospitalization for 1-2 days. Swelling and pain may occur within a few days after the operation, so the doctor will prescribe painkillers.
Usually, sutures are removed 1.5 to 2 weeks after surgery. To accelerate the wound healing process and improve blood circulation, microcurrent therapy and ultrasound therapy can be used. These procedures help to promote rapid tissue repair and wound healing.
In the first 4 weeks after surgery, patients are not recommended to visit the swimming pool, bath, sauna, solarium, or perform cosmetic procedures. Physical activity should also be limited.
Within 1.5 to 2 months after plasmaplasty, results will be visible. During this period, the natural contours of the neck and lower face are restored, and normal skin elasticity returns.

Figures for the patient:
The operation lasts about 2 hours. After that, the patient is given 1-2 days to recover in the hospital.
The total duration of the rehabilitation period after plastic surgery of the lower third of the face and neck is from 3 to 5 weeks.
Platysmaplasty is one of the most popular facelifting procedures and allows you to visually rejuvenate the skin for 5-10 years, restoring its youthfulness, freshness, firmness, and elasticity.
The duration of the effect after neck plastic surgery directly depends on the patient's lifestyle and skin care, but on average, the effect of the procedure lasts about 7-10 years.

Sclerotherapy.

Types:
Microsclerotherapy - used to treat small angioedema and intermediate veins. This method involves the use of the thinnest needles or catheters for microinjections. It is effective in detecting spider-like, linear or tree-like vascular patterns on the skin.
Foam sclerotherapy (Foam-Form) is more commonly used to treat vessels with a diameter of more than 1 cm. Before the drug is injected, the liquid medicine is enriched with air, creating a foam. The foam form of the sclerosant helps to displace blood from the vessel, improving contact with the inner surface of the vascular wall and preventing the development of thrombophlebitis.
Echosclerotherapy - uses an ultrasound scanner (with Doppler) to monitor the entire process of vein sclerosis. This method is used to treat deeply located veins and relieve horizontal venous reflux. During the scan, the ultrasound scanner creates a more distinct echo with the help of micropowdered drugs used as sclerosants.
Classical puncture sclerotherapy is a traditional method of treating varicose veins, which is aimed at eliminating the external manifestations of the disease without affecting the pathogenetic causes. This method is usually prescribed after surgery to remove saphenous veins to eliminate residual varicose vessels. One procedure can eliminate up to 9-10 veins.

How is the operation performed?
Before the procedure, the doctor conducts a detailed examination and assesses the condition of the veins or vessels to be treated. The doctor uses thin needles or catheters to inject sclerosant directly into the vein or vessel to be treated. Sclerosant can be liquid or in the form of a foam, depending on the type of sclerotherapy.
During the injection of sclerosant, the doctor may use imaging techniques, such as Doppler ultrasound, to accurately position and control the distribution of the drug.
After the sclerosant is injected, the doctor may apply a compression bandage or use compression socks or tights to provide compression and support to the treated area.

Indications:
- The presence of spider veins;
- The initial stage of varicose veins;
- Scattered type of varicose veins, when surgical intervention is difficult;
- Small varicose veins that have arisen after stripping, surgical removal of veins.Beginning of the form

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance or allergic reaction to the drug
• severe somatic diseases
• pregnancy or lactation period
• thrombophlebitis
• infectious diseases
• atherosclerosis of the lower extremities

Effect of the procedure:
The effect of sclerotherapy is to eliminate or reduce the visibility of varicose veins and blood vessels. After the procedure, the sclerotic vessels gradually merge and dissolve, which leads to the disappearance of varicose veins and improvement of the appearance of the legs. The effect may be noticeable after several sessions of sclerotherapy, and it is usually long-lasting. However, it is worth noting that the result may be individual and depends on the initial condition of the vessels, the size and type of treatment, as well as the sequence and number of procedures that the patient will undergo.


Question:
What veins does sclerotherapy remove?
Sclerotherapy is an effective method for treating spider veins, spider veins, reticular veins, and translucent veins on the lower extremities. In some cases, sclerotherapy can be used to treat veins on the upper extremities, veins around the eye, on the trunk and in the mammary glands.
Why do varicose veins return?
The recurrence of varicose veins can be caused by insufficient quality of surgical intervention, genetic predisposition, vascular weakness, or failure to follow the doctor's recommendations after treatment.
Can I have vein sclerotherapy in summer?
Although it is possible, there are some limitations. Doctors recommend avoiding sunlight on those areas of the skin where there were problematic vessels. Young skin is formed after treatment, and it needs protection from sunlight.
Do I need to wear compression stockings after sclerotherapy?
Immediately after the procedure, compression knitwear (stockings, tights) or elastic bandages are put on the leg; it is necessary to wear compression garments around the clock and not to remove them without the permission of the doctor.

Rehabilitation:
There is almost no rehabilitation period after sclerotherapy, as the procedure is outpatient. Recommended: Immediately after the procedure, be sure to wear compression garments or apply elastic bandaging to the limb. It can be removed in 3-4 days.
It is recommended to move actively for 40-60 minutes after the procedure, doing brisk walking. This will enhance the positive effect.
After sclerotherapy, a person can continue his or her normal life and not stop working. The rehabilitation period does not require a break in everyday and professional activities.

Figures for the patient:
The sclerotherapy procedure takes 15-30 minutes.
2 days before the procedure, anti-inflammatory drugs and alcohol should be discontinued, and during this period, hair removal should not be performed in the area where the intervention will take place.
It is recommended to wear compression knitwear for 3 days.

Plastic surgery of scars.

The main types of scars:
Hypotrophic (or "atrophic") scars are small "dents" or "depressions" that are below the level of the uninjured skin. To correct a small hypotrophic scar (up to 3-4 mm wide), it may be sufficient to use fillers and resurface its edges. In case of larger scars, plastic surgery may be required.
Hypertrophic scars occur when an excessive amount of connective tissue is formed during wound healing, and as a result, the scar "rises" above the surface of healthy skin. In such cases, laser scar removal methods, medications, and plastic surgery can be used.
Keloid scars, different from hypertrophic scars, are a characteristic of the disease and represent an excessive growth of coarse connective tissue in the injured area. Such scars stand out strongly against the background of healthy skin and may have a different shade. Treatment of keloid scars may include medications and plastic surgery to remove partially or completely the growth of connective tissue.

How is the operation performed?
If the defect is deep and requires significant surgical interventions, general anesthesia is used.
During the operation, the plastic surgeon removes the scar and fibrous tissue by excision. The edges of the wound are joined as accurately as possible, and a cosmetic suture is applied using high-quality and safe suture material.
After 3-4 days, the suture material is removed, and the doctor may prescribe drug therapy or a course of physiotherapy procedures.
The removal of scars and scars leaves almost no traces on the skin.

*The choice of plastic surgery technique depends on the nature of the scarring, the patient's age and other conditions.

Indications:
- Contractures that limit facial expressions or joint mobility.
- "Depressed" scars that occur after surgery due to suturing in a single layer, rather than in layers, which looks unaesthetic.
- Deep atrophic scars after acne that are not amenable to cosmetic methods.
- Coarse scars formed after the healing of lacerations.
- Keloid scars on the face and exposed areas of the body (the decision on the possibility of surgery is made by the doctor).
- Traces of animal and insect bites, including the formation of keloids.

Contraindications:
- Pregnancy, lactation
- Chronic somatic diseases, in the acute stage
- Oncological diseases of the skin
- Diabetes mellitus in the stage of decompensation
- Diseases of the blood system
- Tanned skin

The effect of the procedure:
Modern medical technologies make it possible to almost completely eliminate any scars. After the operation, most patients feel increased self-confidence, get rid of psychological discomfort associated with scars, as well as physical limitations in case of contractures.

Question:
What scars cannot be removed completely?
There are several types of scars that cannot be completely removed. Large scars located in functional areas, such as elbow and knee bends or wrist bends, cannot be completely removed. Although it is impossible to completely remove scars, it is possible to make them as invisible as possible.
What products can be used to treat the suture after surgery for fast healing?
It is recommended to treat the postoperative wound with antiseptic agents such as chlorhexidine, miramistin, and others to prevent infection and accelerate wound healing. The treatment procedure is usually performed once a day for 7 days.
What scars can be removed?
Scars that can be removed include normotrophic scars that are located at the level of the skin but have an uneven surface and vary in color. These scars can be removed at one time. Hypertrophic scars can also be removed. Hypertrophic scars are often formed after deep cuts. The doctor determines whether to remove a keloid scar, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the size of the scar.
How are scars removed?
To remove a scar, the excision method is used if the scar is not too wide and its edges are mobile. The operation can be performed under local or general anesthesia. The essence of the surgical intervention is to raise the edges of the wound, excise the scar, stop bleeding from the vessels and apply intradermal cosmetic sutures.

Rehabilitation:
The rehabilitation period after scar plastic surgery lasts 5-7 days. The procedure is outpatient, so you can return home after it is completed. The wound must be cleaned regularly and protected from infection. The doctor will provide recommendations on antiseptics to be used, dressing changes, and special ointments.
For 2 weeks after surgery, you should avoid excessive physical activity, lifting weights and straining the suture. This will help prevent stretching of the suture and possible complications.
Protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation is very important during scar rehabilitation. For the first month after plastic surgery, it is recommended to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing or a bandage on the scar to avoid skin pigmentation.

Figures for the patient:
The procedure time is usually 20-30 minutes, depending on the size and number of scars to be removed. After the procedure, you can go home, rest for one day, and then return to work and daily activities.
The full rehabilitation period lasts 5-7 days. After that, it is recommended to follow the doctor's recommendations for a month to limit sunbathing, sauna and swimming pool.

Intimate contouring.

Intimate contouring is an injection method of hyaluronic acid injection in gynecology, which allows you to fill the volume of soft tissues, thus eliminating aesthetic and functional deficiencies associated with age-related changes or individual characteristics.

Aesthetic and medical indications:

• asymmetry or external deformation of the labia;
• urinary incontinence;
• decreased sexual satisfaction, the need to increase the G-spot and clitoral head (due to its low sensitivity)
• prolapse of the vaginal walls;
• increased dryness of the mucosa;
• defects of the perineum, increased size of the vagina and gaping of the genital slit (after childbirth and age-related changes)
• flabbiness and low skin tone in the intimate area;
• insufficient volume of the labia (labiaplasty);
• vaginal dysbiosis, frequent vaginal inflammation;
• kraurosis and itching of the vulva associated with atrophic processes;

Carrying out the procedure.
Before the procedure, you should definitely visit a specialist for a preliminary consultation and examination. Before the procedure, it is necessary to take such tests as cytology and bacterioscopy of the discharge!

The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, painless for the patient (under local anesthesia). The effect of the procedure occurs instantly and lasts for a year, but sometimes several procedures are required to achieve the optimal result.

The main manipulations take 30-40 minutes and involve local anesthesia (cream anesthetic). For the procedure, a special hyaluronic acid with a high density is used, as a rule, 2-3 ml of the drug is used.

The injected product fills the problem area and attracts water molecules, which create the necessary volume, while improving the condition of the skin.

The period after the procedure.
During the first hours after the procedure, swelling, redness, and mild itching are observed. To prevent the development of complications and consolidate the achieved result, a rehabilitation regimen is followed for a week after the procedure. It consists in following the recommendations:

• Ban on visiting baths, saunas and steam rooms. It is not recommended to go to the solarium, swimming pool, sunbathe on beaches and swim in open water (up to 3 weeks).
• Restriction of physical activity (up to 2 weeks).
• Complete rejection of intimacy (up to 2 weeks).
• Antiseptic treatment, regular linen change and other general recommendations.

Contraindications.

• Intimate filling is available only for healthy patients. The procedure is prohibited in case of the following conditions and diseases
• oncology;
• pregnancy
• lactation
• mental disorders;
• age (under 18 years);
• herpes (in the acute stage);
• hemophilia;
• hypersensitivity of the skin, which is expressed in the tendency to form keloid scars;
• presence of inflammation and open wounds in the area;
• autoimmune and infectious diseases;
• fever, fever;
• acute stage of somatic diseases
• menstruation period.